Индо-пакистанский конфликт 1947-1948 годы - Михаил Юрьевич Крысин
Шрифт:
Интервал:
Закладка:
132 Hindustan Standard. – 25 July 1952. Цит. по: Кумар В. Англо-американский заговор против Кашмира. – С.198.
133 Akbar M.J. India: The Siege Within: Challenges to a Nation’s Unity. – Р. 246–247, 249.
134 Bazaz P.N. The History of Struggle for Freedom in Kashmir. – Р. 534–535.
135 Кумар В. Англо-американский заговор против Кашмира. – С.222.
136 Hindustan Times. 23 June 1953. Цит. по: Насенко Ю.П. Джавахарлал Неру и внешняя политика Индии. – С.168.
137 Brown W.N. The United States and India and Pakistan. – Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard University, 1963. – Р. 195–196.
138 Brown W.N. The United States and India and Pakistan. – Р.196.
139 Gundevia Y.D. Outside the Archives. – New Delhi: Sangam Books, 1984. Цит. по: Akbar M.J. India: The Siege Within: Challenges to a Nation’s Unity. – Р.248.
140 Akbar M.J. India: The Siege Within: Challenges to a Nation’s Unity. – Р. 248–249.
141 The Statesman. – Delhi, 10 August 1953. Цит. по: Насенко Ю.П. Джавахарлал Неру и внешняя политика Индии. – С.169.
142 Brines R. The Indo-Pakistani Conflict. – Р.68.
143 Kashmir Demands Self-Determination. Extracts from Sheikh Mohammad Abdulla’s Speeches, as Reported by the Indian Press and Foreign News Agencies. – [Muzaffarabad: Kashmir Publ., 1964].
144 Akbar M.J. India: The Siege Within: Challenges to a Nation’s Unity. – Р.250.
145 Akbar M.J. India: The siege within: Challenges to a nation’s unity. – Harmondsworth (Midd’x), etc.: Penguin books, 1985. – P.259.
146 Akbar M.J. India: The siege within. – P. 259–260.
147 Joshi, Manoj. The Lost Rebellion. Kashmir in the Nineties. – New Delhi: Penguin Books, 1999. – Р.12.
148 A Chronicle of Important events and dates in J&K’s political History // Kashmir Politics //Jammu and Kashmir Complete Knowledge Base URL: http://www.jammu-kashmir/politics/Chronicle-of-Important-events-date-in-J&K’s-political-history.htm.
149 Saxena K.S. Pakistan, Her Relations with India 1947–1966. – New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, 1966. – Р. 153–154.
15 °Cloughley B. A History of the Pakistan Army: Wars and Insurrections. / 2nd ed. with a new chapter on the Kargil issue. – Oxford, etc.: Oxford University press, 2000. – Р.68.
151 Joshi M. The Lost Rebellion. – Р.12.
152 Федоров В.А. Армия и модернизация в странах Востока. – М.: ИВРАН, 1999. – С.105.
153 Sabharwal O.P. (Maj.Gen.). The Killer Instinct. Raids and Rescue Missions by the Special Forces. Worldwide and the Threat of Terrorism in the New Millenium. – New Delhi: Rupa & Co., [2000]. – Р.174.
154 Santhanam Sreedhar K., Sudhir Saxena Manish. Jihadis in Jammu and Kashmir. A Portrait Gallery. ND, Thousand Oaks, London: SAGE Publications and IDSA, [2003]. P. 149–161.
155 Ganguly, Sumit. Explaining the Kashmir Insurgency: Political Mobilization and Institutional Decay. // International Security. – Vol.21. – Nr.2. – 1996.
156 Joshi M. The Lost Rebellion. – Р. 4–5.
157 Joshi M. The Lost Rebellion. – Р.6.
158 Ganguly S. Explaining the Kashmir Insurgency: Political Mobilization and Institutional Decay // International Security. – Vol.21. – Nr.2. – 1996.
159 Joshi M. The Lost Rebellion. – Р.13.
160 Santhanam Sreedhar K., Sudhir Saxena Manish. Jihadis in Jammu and Kashmir. A Portrait Gallery. ND, Thousand Oaks, London: SAGE Publications and IDSA, [2003]. P. 162–174.
161 «Родительская» организация «Харкат-уль-джихад-аль-ислами» образовалась еще в 1980-е гг. в Афганистане для войны против советских войск под патронажем самого Джалалуддина Хаккани (1939–2018), пользовавшегося поддержкой ЦРУ, а в индийском Кашмире начала действовать в 1993 году. См.: Harkat-ul-Ansar // Santhanam Sreedhar K., Sudhir Saxena Manish. Jihadis in Jammu and Kashmir. A Portrait Gallery. ND, Thousand Oaks, London: SAGE Publications and IDSA, [2003]. P. 94–116.
162 Lashkar-e-Toiba // Santhanam Sreedhar K., Sudhir Saxena Manish. Jihadis in Jammu and Kashmir. A Portrait Gallery. ND, Thousand Oaks, London: SAGE Publications and IDSA, [2003]. P. 224–230.
163 Jaish-e-Mohammed // Santhanam Sreedhar K., Sudhir Saxena Manish. Jihadis in Jammu and Kashmir. A Portrait Gallery. ND, Thousand Oaks, London: SAGE Publications and IDSA, [2003]. P. 196–201.
164 Group Profile: AL-BADR. MIPT TerrorismKnowledge Base.URL: http://www.tkb.org/Group.jsp?groupID=3555; Al-Badr / Al-Badr Mujahideen. Global Security. URL: http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/Al-Badr.htm; Al-Badr. South Asia Terrorism Portal. URL: http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/jandk/terrorist_outfits/Al_badr.htm.
165 Kapur S. Paul. Dangerous Deterrent: Nuclear Proliferation and Conflict in South Asia. Stanford University press, 2007. P. 102–103; Rai, Mridu. Narratives from exile: Kashmiri Pandits and their construction of the past. In: Bose, Sugata; Jalal, Ayesha (eds.). Kashmir and the Future of South Asia. ND: Routledge, 2021. P.106.
166 Bukhari, Shujaat. 219 Kashmiri Pandits killed by militants since 1989 // The Hindu. March 24, 2010. URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20100325203907/http://www.hindu.com/2010/03/24/stories/2010032461230900.htm.
167 The Economist. 19–25 August 1995. P.53.
168 Joshi M. The Lost Rebellion. – Р.101.
169 Pakistan Army’s misadventure in Kargil. A Sordid tale of an Army caught in a cobweb of lies // Truth about Kashmir. Headquarters, 15 Corps. URL: http://www.armyinkashmir.org/kargil/index.html.
170 Bose, Sumantra. Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace. Cambridge, Massachusets; London, England: Harvard University press, 2003. P.3. URL: https://www.questia.com/read/118148594/kashmir-roots-of-conflict-paths-to-peace. Archived from the original: https://web.archive.org/web/20171012061143/https://www.questia.com/read/118148594/kashmir-roots-of-conflict-paths-to-peace.
171 Лахорская декларация 21 февраля 1999 г. // Индия. Перспективы. Март 1999 (специальный выпуск). С.9.
172 Khan, Aamer Ahmed. Pakistan: Where have the militants gone? BBC News. 6 April 2005. URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4415823.stm. Archived from the original: https://web.archive.org/web/20170222121728/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4415823.stm.
173 Stephens, Bret. The Most Difficult Job in the World // The Wall Street Journal. 4 October 2008. URL: https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122307507392703831. Archived from the original: https://web.archive.org/web/20170222112027/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122307507392703831.
174 Baruah, Amit; Reddy, Muralidhar. India, Pakistan seal deal on Srinagar-Muzaffarabad bus link // The Hindu. February 17, 2005. URL:
https://web.archive.org/web/20050219034041/http://www.hindu.com/2005/02/17/stories/2005021706050100.htm.
175 Осенью 2005 года, 8 октября, в Кашмире случилось землетрясение, эпицентр которого пришелся на город Музаффарабад – главный город пакистанского «Азад Кашмира», и затронувшее также индийский штат Джамму и Кашмир и г. Балакот в пакистанской провинции Хайбер Пахтунхва (бывшая Северо-Западная пограничная провинция). Это землетрясение стало самым разрушительным землетрясением в Южной Азии: сила толчков составила 7,6 по шкале Рихтера, что сравнимо с землетрясением в Сан-Франциско 1906 года. Оно унесло жизни 86.000 человек, еще столько же было ранено, а четыре миллиона человек остались без крова. См.: Ткаченко М. Кашмир в руинах // Lenta.ru. 10 ноября 2005. URL: https://lenta.ru/articles/2005/10/10/pakistan/.
176 Foreign tourists flock Kashmir // The Hindu, 2009.03.18. URL: http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/004200903181221.htm. Archiver from the original: https://www.webcitation.org/65KEnTOQl?url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/004200903181221.htm.
177 Sareen, Pallavi. Kashmir, a Tourism Hub? Numbers Tell a Different Story – Most Tourists Are Pilgrims // The Wire. 27 October 2019. URL: https://thewire.in/rights/kashmir-religious-tourism-pilgrims.
178 Ahmad, Mukhtar. Five dead after Kashmir gun battle // CNN. 23 March 2008. URL: http://edition.cnn.com/2008/world/asiapcf/03/23/Kashmir.battle/index.html.
179 Thottam, Jyoti. Valley of Tears // Time. September 4, 2008.